According to the American College of Gastroenterology, gastroenterology involves a detailed understanding of:
- the gastrointestinal organs
- the movement of material through the stomach and intestines
- the digestion and absorption of nutrients
- the removal of waste from the body
- the liver
A gastroenterologist is a medical professional who specializes in diseases and conditions that affect the digestive organs and structures.
These parts of the body include the:
- esophagus, or food pipe
- stomach
- small intestine
- colon
- rectum
- pancreas
- gallbladder
- bile ducts
- liver
In some cases, doctors need to refer people to medical professionals with specialist knowledge.
A doctor may refer an individual to a gastroenterologist if they suspect that a problem with the digestive system is causing the person’s symptoms.
The symptoms of such issues can vary, but they may include:
- difficulty swallowing
- stomach pain
- nausea and vomiting
- heartburn
- diarrhea
- constipation
- jaundice
The gastroenterologist will use their specialist knowledge to assess the person and recommend treatment and management if necessary.
Gastroenterologists play a role in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of people with conditions such as:
- colon polyps
- colon cancer
- celiac disease
- hepatitis
- heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
- gallbladder disease
- irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- pancreatitis
